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PostPosted: Tue Apr 12, 2016 12:46 pm 
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http://phys.org/news/2016-04-employment ... money.html

phys.org wrote:
Employment status affects our morals around money


In the study 'Moral consequences of becoming unemployed', endorsed by the prestigious scientific journal PNAS, researchers at the UPV/EHU's Faculty of Economics and Business and at the University of Nottingham (UK) have analysed a moral consequence of unemployment that together with the effects it has on people's mental health, could explain why these people become disengaged from the labor market. 151 young adults in Córdoba and Bilbao were involved in the study.

The authors of the study Luis Miller, lecturer at the UPV/EHU's Faculty of Economics and Business, and Paloma Ubeda, a UPV/EHU researcher, highlight the importance of understanding how becoming unemployed affects people's behaviour. Many studies link unemployment and poverty with depression, anxiety, stress, low levels of well-being and self-esteem, high suicide rates, murder, alcohol-related deaths, etc. In this study, however, the researchers have looked at a different kind of effect and have concluded that unemployment changes people's morals around the distribution of money. It should be pointed out that the study has been published in the latest edition of the PNAS, a prestigious scientific journal which publishes relatively few papers from the social sciences but which has given particular importance to this one.

As Luis Miller asserts, "in general, both people in employment and those in full-time education believe that people should be allowed to keep most of what they earn and that it is OK for those who work harder or who are more productive to earn more". He went on to say, "When people become unemployed, our study indicates that they let go of this belief. They put a higher value on the redistribution of money, which, in social terms, would mean higher taxes on those earning more in order to fund increased public spending."

"In our study," explained Paloma Úbeda, "we didn't ask the participants about re-distribution, taxes or public spending, as the responses to questions of this type could be biased by the self-interest of the interviewees. So high earners who look after their own interests would prefer lower taxes, while low earners who also have their own interests in mind would want higher taxes. What we were really interested in was understanding how, when becoming unemployed, people change the way they see what is fair in terms of re-distribution, in other words, whether they change their moral values. We found that they do; when becoming unemployed people change the way they think about fairness and re-distribution".

Unemployment leads to changes in opinions

To research people's ideals about justice, the researchers involved 151 young adults aged between 18 and 35 in the so-called "Distributive Justice Game", an experiment designed to reveal the values and preferences of the participants about fairness and re-distribution. The experiment was conducted in Bilbao and Córdoba. The game consisted of two parts.

In the first part the participants "worked" for the researchers for seven minutes. In the second part of the game each participant was given a tray divided into four sections. Each section contained a different amount of money. One of the sections belonged to the participant who had been given the tray. The other three sections belonged to the other three participants who were in their playing group. For some groups the amount of money each one received depended on how much work the people had done during the first part of the game. In others, the amount of money on the trays depended totally on luck and were not related in any way to the work each person had done. The participants could re-distribute the money among the four sections in whatever way they wanted. Each one could keep all the money, leave the tray as they had received it or re-distribute the money so that the four participants would all receive the same amount at the end of the experiment.

"We found that the employed people tended to re-distribute the money less when they knew people had earned their money in the first part," asserted Luis Miller. "By contrast, they tended to re-distribute it almost equally when they knew that the initial distributions were just due to luck".

The 151 young adults participated twice in the experiment, the first time in the spring of 2013 and the second exactly one year later. Repeating the experiment allowed the researchers to see whether the people who were employed or in full-time education during the first year of the study but ended up unemployed in the second year changed their opinions about fairness and re-distribution.

Most of those who had become unemployed re-distributed the money in such a way that the other three members of their group ended up with approximately the same amount of money irrespective of whether the money had been earned or received as a result of luck.

Paloma Úbeda added that "the extent to which people recognise the individual right to keep what they have earned has significant implications on the way people vote, on how they pay their taxes or on how they act in the labour market. However, all these implications would need to be studied in greater detail in future pieces of research".

Luis Miller concluded that "the significance of the main result of this study to understand the labour dynamics as well as the most appropriate public intervention depends to what extent the negative effect we find can be reversed. Right now, we are already working on new projects that seek to establish whether the unemployed need to re-acquire part of the values relating to effort and productivity abandoned along the way before effectively reengaging with the labour market. Then assuming they do, we would need to investigate how this new change of values takes place and also how public interventions can contribute towards enabling this process".

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PostPosted: Tue Apr 12, 2016 4:03 pm 
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sounds like two ways to spin this. The researches tried to spin it one way it's clear.

A) those who have never been unemployed have no sympathy for those who have (aka walk a mile in his moccasins)
B) unemployment warps people's morals

Now clearly B is the interpretation the researchers are going for.


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PostPosted: Wed Apr 13, 2016 8:00 am 
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I didn't get either of those.

What I got out of it was that the perceived fairness of wealth distribution (whether people actually earned their money) greatly influences people's attitudes toward wealth distribution.

Note that even the gainfully employed were in favor of redistributing wealth more often if it were distributed with apparent randomness.

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PostPosted: Wed Apr 13, 2016 8:39 am 
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TheRiov wrote:
sounds like two ways to spin this. The researches tried to spin it one way it's clear.


While you are Definitely Not Trying To Spin The Other Way. No siree.

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PostPosted: Wed Apr 13, 2016 10:02 am 
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Help a brotha out - what's the TL;DR version?

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PostPosted: Wed Apr 13, 2016 1:34 pm 
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Screeling wrote:
Help a brotha out - what's the TL;DR version?


- Unemployed people favor redistribution of wealth more than Employed people.

- Even Employed people may favor redistribution of wealth more if they perceive an unfairness with regard to the initial distribution of wealth that had nothing to do with "earning" it.

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PostPosted: Wed Apr 13, 2016 3:10 pm 
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More than just unemployed people. People who have ever been unemployed.


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PostPosted: Wed Apr 13, 2016 3:10 pm 
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Diamondeye wrote:
TheRiov wrote:
sounds like two ways to spin this. The researches tried to spin it one way it's clear.


While you are Definitely Not Trying To Spin The Other Way. No siree.

I'm not purporting to be a scientific study.


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PostPosted: Wed Apr 13, 2016 3:15 pm 
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It confirms what we've long known to be the case. If you can convince X group of people that Y group of people didn't earn what they have, X will favor taking what Y has and giving it away.

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PostPosted: Wed Apr 13, 2016 3:28 pm 
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Corolinth wrote:
It confirms what we've long known to be the case. If you can convince X group of people that Y group of people didn't earn what they have, X will favor taking what Y has and giving it away.


Yup. You even hear sentiments like that from people on the "right." Politics may be the source of the perceived fairness of the system, but it's the perceived fairness that is the source the attitude toward wealth distribution.

"It's not right. You shouldn't make that much money just from playing a game!"

"Why should she make millions for smiling at a camera for a couple hours while I put in 40 hour work weeks!"

Or, perhaps at the risk of installing an earbug...

"That ain't workin'. That's the way you do it, get your money for nothin' and yer chicks for free. We got to install microwave ovens; custom kitchen deliveries. We got to move these refridgerators. We got to move these colour TVs."

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PostPosted: Thu Apr 14, 2016 9:34 am 
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TheRiov wrote:
Diamondeye wrote:
TheRiov wrote:
sounds like two ways to spin this. The researches tried to spin it one way it's clear.


While you are Definitely Not Trying To Spin The Other Way. No siree.

I'm not purporting to be a scientific study.


You're discussing one, aren't you?

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PostPosted: Thu Apr 14, 2016 10:19 am 
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Talya wrote:
Corolinth wrote:
It confirms what we've long known to be the case. If you can convince X group of people that Y group of people didn't earn what they have, X will favor taking what Y has and giving it away.


Yup. You even hear sentiments like that from people on the "right." Politics may be the source of the perceived fairness of the system, but it's the perceived fairness that is the source the attitude toward wealth distribution.

"It's not right. You shouldn't make that much money just from playing a game!"

"Why should she make millions for smiling at a camera for a couple hours while I put in 40 hour work weeks!"

Or, perhaps at the risk of installing an earbug...

"That ain't workin'. That's the way you do it, get your money for nothin' and yer chicks for free. We got to install microwave ovens; custom kitchen deliveries. We got to move these refridgerators. We got to move these colour TVs."


That's true - but look at the people who are making the millions for playing a game or looking good on TV. What are they so frequently doing?

Lecturing the people moving the color TVs for $18 an hour what a bunch of shitlords they supposedly are because they realize that a $15 an hour minimum wage threatens their job if they have co-workers making less than that, raises his prices at Wal Mart and McDonalds and doesn't put a single extra penny in his pocket.

It isn't just that they resent people making huge amounts of money for smiling at cameras or playing a game - it's that they get an endless barrage of opinions from those same people about matters on which those media figures are often colossally uninformed or ignorant, or who are blatantly shilling for whatever victim group the media figure in question happens to prefer.

When you are on TV bewailing the attitudes and "privilege" that the strawman of the $18-color-TV-mover allegedly has and talking about the struggles people that look like you supposedly face while color-TV-mover totally doesn't, really, he doesn't, because trust me I know from the terrible oppression I faced when I wasn't shown a $38,000 handbag - yes, those people are going to question why you are getting paid millions to sit there and espouse phenomenally uninformed opinions on almost everything.

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PostPosted: Thu Apr 14, 2016 7:31 pm 
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I spent all afternoon figuring out how to replace people with robots.

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PostPosted: Fri Apr 15, 2016 7:35 am 
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Corolinth wrote:
I spent all afternoon figuring out how to replace people with robots.


Did you come up with anything sure-fire?

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PostPosted: Fri Apr 15, 2016 7:51 am 
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Let's just say the $15/hr minimum wage people are clamoring for isn't going to work out like they hoped.

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PostPosted: Fri Apr 15, 2016 10:21 am 
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Corolinth wrote:
Let's just say the $15/hr minimum wage people are clamoring for isn't going to work out like they hoped.


Already happening

Just **** lol if you think jacking up minimum wage actually helps anyone.

Or maybe minimum wage is just for those evil corporations like Wal Mart and such. Not for progressive universities. "Yo guys, we need fewer people changing rolls of toilet paper around here so we can spend that $50 million on the new Micro Aggression Prevention Center you demanded at the protests you have time to go to because you're majoring in Absolute Hogwash Studies! We're totally paying everyone who's left $15 an hour though, so it's all progressive and ****!"

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PostPosted: Fri Apr 15, 2016 12:45 pm 
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Talya wrote:
the prestigious scientific journal PNAS


/snicker

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PostPosted: Fri Apr 15, 2016 1:26 pm 
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Vladimirr wrote:
Talya wrote:
the prestigious scientific journal PNAS


/snicker


"Proceedings of the National Academy of Science" sounds like such an unimaginative name for a report. I'm relatively certain it was chosen because of the acronym. Somewhere along the line, some scientist has uttered the phrase, "Have you taken a look at the PNAS? It's bigger than usual."

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PostPosted: Tue Apr 19, 2016 8:40 am 
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Diamondeye wrote:
Lecturing the people moving the color TVs for $18 an hour what a bunch of shitlords they supposedly are because they realize that a $15 an hour minimum wage threatens their job if they have co-workers making less than that, raises his prices at Wal Mart and McDonalds and doesn't put a single extra penny in his pocket.

Most studies suggest that his job isn't really very threatened, since the employment effects of a modest hike in the minimum wage aren't that large, but the extra $3/hr he currently makes is definitely at risk. Wage compression is one of the reasons the employment effects aren't bigger. Companies don't higher fewer people, they just reduce the wages of people who used to make more than the new minimum wage. And yeah, like you said, he'll also probably pay more for things at WalMart and McDonalds, as price increases seem to be another way the wage pressure gets released. Of course, there's also the positive effect of higher productivity via reduced employee turnover rates. In short, there's no free lunch here, but increases in unemployment, for whatever reason, don't seem to be the main trade-off.


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PostPosted: Tue Apr 19, 2016 9:46 am 
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RangerDave wrote:
Most studies suggest that his job isn't really very threatened, since the employment effects of a modest hike in the minimum wage aren't that large, but the extra $3/hr he currently makes is definitely at risk.


A raise from the present minimum to $15, and really even the $12 Hillary was suggesting until it became convenient to want $15 are not "modest." An equivalent raise for someone like me would take me from a little over $60,000 a year (base pay) to around $130,000 a year. Even the equivalent of the $12 would put me into 6 figures. A raise like that would be a phenomenal increase in income - to the tune of "complete career change equivalent".

So while I'd love to have that, if EVERYONE got such an increase I'd be paying $10 a gallon for gas and eggs would probably cost $9 a dozen or some **** which would get me nowhere.

Furthermore, to the average $18 an hour maker that difference is something likely to be mostly moot. His perception is that he's vulnerable to job loss, and even if he's not getting bumped down to $15 is a huge hit for him, exacerbated by the effects of bringing so many other people up to the level his wages have been lowered to.

The excuse that "well, he should be better-informed" doesn't fly either. The people making $15 an hour are fed and expected to believe a constant stream of nonsense about people with more money - who are not necessarily "rich" either; they might be making as little as $50,000 a year and still be viewed as well off by comparison -hating them, resenting the loss of "privilege", etc. Moreover, those same people are generally presented as being resentful white males who are losing some sort of entitlement that they unfairly have, and no one demands that people buying into identity politics educate themselves. Losing 1/6 of your income when you're making around $36,000 a year isn't "fearing the loss of their privilege"; it's fearing the loss of the ability to pay rent. Yet those people are presented as if they're in the category making 5 or 10 times that amount simply because they aren't at the minimum.

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Wage compression is one of the reasons the employment effects aren't bigger. Companies don't higher fewer people, they just reduce the wages of people who used to make more than the new minimum wage. And yeah, like you said, he'll also probably pay more for things at WalMart and McDonalds, as price increases seem to be another way the wage pressure gets released. Of course, there's also the positive effect of higher productivity via reduced employee turnover rates. In short, there's no free lunch here, but increases in unemployment, for whatever reason, don't seem to be the main trade-off.


There might be some increase in productivity, but we're talking about the perspective of the $18 an hour guy - so increased productivity for the company is coming at a cost to him, under the guise of a policy aimed at helping a largely-fictitious group of primary wage earners who make minimum wage.

More importantly, the point you're responding to was discussing Taly's (accurate) assertion that even people on the right sometimes fall into the "you didn't earn that" mentality when aimed at sports, entertainment and media figures.

Taly was right that poorer people who are on the right are susceptible to the same thinking, but that doesn't explain why. An examination of the behavior of the major media figures in question, though provides clues - their behavior towards poor people on the right is almost universally appalling; a mix of condescension, hypocrisy, and pretension to awareness of issues that they pretty clearly don't have.

If you're a family where, say both parents make $36,000 a year, you can, on the aggregate $72,000 live decently. However, when college rolls around and your kid can't get a grant or a scholarship because he or she isn't member of the right victim groups, but some arbitrary government calculation tells you your "expected family contribution" of however-many-thousand a year is something you can afford just fine along with loans you'll have to pay back with interest.. yes, when Whoopi Goldberg gets on The View and starts talking (or hinting) about free college for people making what is really only marginally less than you do, and pretty clearly thinks that your opposition to this is based on skin color rather than financial reality...

Yes, you're going to wonder why Whoopi Goldberg's imbecilic opinions matter as much as they do or why she gets paid so much to air her nonsense on television all morning.

Whoopi Goldberg is just an example, and I'm not referring to any particular past statements by her. She is, however, representative of a fairly typical mediocre acting talent who gets an outsized reputation based on a very few real successes and is viewed as some sort of social luminary for no reason based on actual merit. She is a perfect example of a person who has mistaken the fawning of the press and the public, and her combination of wealth and minority status for being "informed".

Or, to put it another way, the President gets paid $400,000 a year (plus, to be fair, some pretty sweet side benefits) for a job, the basic qualification for which is whether or not you are the sort of person we trust to make a decision to end the **** world. He is also informed to the point that simply processing all the information and expert advice he has access to is probably an overwhelming chore.

People may, therefore, question why someone getting paid 10x that much for the tremendous responsibility of making 3-point shots feels it's within his purview to lecture them on social issues without serious challenge while the President gets questioned on everything by everybody. They may be forgiven for taking great exception to someone making $4 million a year to shoot baskets lecturing them on the "privilege" they have for making double the minimum wage.

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