The original U.S. estimate of the yield was 57 Mt, but since 1991 all Russian sources have stated its yield as 50 Mt. Khrushchev warned in a filmed speech to the Communist parliament of the existence of a 100 Mt bomb (technically the design was capable of this yield). The fireball touched the ground, reached nearly as high as the altitude of the release plane, and was seen and felt almost 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) from ground zero. The heat from the explosion could have caused third degree burns 100 km (62 miles) away from ground zero. The subsequent mushroom cloud was about 64 kilometres (40 mi) high (seven times the height of Mount Everest) and 40 kilometres (25 mi) wide. The explosion could be seen and felt in Finland, breaking windows there and in Sweden. Atmospheric focusing caused blast damage up to 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) away. The seismic shock created by the detonation was measurable even on its third passage around the Earth.[6] Its seismic body wave magnitude was about 5 to 5.25.[7] The energy yield was around 7.1 on the Richter scale[citation needed], but since the bomb was detonated in air rather than underground, most of the energy was not converted to seismic waves.

Which makes one wonder how you would get the device behind the moon unnoticed in the first place, or obtain useful telemetry with the moon in the way. If the moon obscures the test from overyone else, it obscures it from you too.

With clever design, you could use the delivery system as a remote monitor. Last stage goes into lunar orbit long enough to record data and send it home, then falls to the lunar surface.

Alternatively, have a manned mission with a very well shielded return vehicle and thoroughly stocked lab transport the bomb and record the data.

It's refreshing that a socialist dictator has no idea how nuclear weapons work.