RangerDave wrote:
No, I get that, Ladas. However, I make three points in response (well, three and a half):
No, I don't think you do given your response.
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First, "capital gains" is a much larger universe than corporate distributions/dividends, so at most, it can be argued that one type of capital gain is subject to double taxation, but that type represents a relatively small portion of all capital gains.
You are correct, the concept of what is taxed as "capital gains" does include more than distributions... it also includes changes in inflationary value of real assets, monetary assets, etc. Of course, not many people consider the governmental sponsored inflation (require more like it) as a tax on real value, but it is a steady downward pressure on your previous work/effort.
As to what the actual percentages of income derived by various means that fall under "capital gains", I don't know, but I suspect you don't either, so "small portion" is likely inaccurate.
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Second, if people don't want to be double-taxed on business profits, they can easily choose to do business as a sole proprietorship, a partnership, etc. However, if they want the extra legal benefits of incorporation (e.g., limited liability), one could argue that it's fair to require them to pay extra to get it. Corporate personhood is a double-edged sword.
Now you are limiting the discussion to a smaller pool of people that is actually affected by the rules. Not sure why, as it has no impact on the reason why capital gains tax is traditionally lower than income tax... because the money is already taxed once.
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Third, if we didn't tax both corporate profits and personal income from distributions/dividends, there would be far more incentive for people to just book earnings in whichever category wasn't taxed, thus sheltering themselves from the full amount of tax they're intended to pay. Corporate profits not taxed but dividend income is? Ok, but I swear, my apartment in the city and my second car are really deductible business expenses not things I paid for with personal income. Hm, it's the other way around and corporate profits are taxed, but dividends aren't? Ok, I'll just dividend out the money I need to buy that apartment in the city and a second car. Heads I win, tails the IRS loses.
Again, not related the reasoning on the lower tax rate for capital gains compared to income. Whats more, it sounds as if you think I at some point suggested eliminating one of them. I did not.
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Lastly, the half point is that, having said all of that, I'm actually not sure where I come down on the issue, but I lean towards reforming the system to avoid or at least minimize the double-taxation while still protecting against the kind of income shifting I just described.
If you believe this, I would suspect you support a lower capital gains tax compared to income, as a means to minimize double taxation.