You'd be surprised how simple parts of open source OS's are. The kernel can be tetchy but in userspace there are a lot of very simple tools to build, fix, and extend.
I do not have a positive attitude about Windows updates since the one evening it told me there were "updates" and when I went ahead and did them it started a 3-hour process of updating with no warning.
_________________ "Hysterical children shrieking about right-wing anything need to go sit in the corner and be quiet while the adults are talking."
Joined: Thu Sep 03, 2009 9:59 am Posts: 15740 Location: Combat Information Center
Aaaand on top of that, it turns out the copy of visual studio I got was for a 30 day trial period and now it wants me to sign into a Microsoft account and use Azure and so forth.
Nope.
Guess it's cygwin for me, if I can figure out which components I need to download. I refuse to create an account with Microsoft for any purpose whatsoever or participate in any of their programs under any circumstances. I most likely won't use any Windows 10 Linux for the same reason; no doubt they'll want to shove some cloud storage crap on you along with it. I expect I'd learn more from the experience of installing Linux the old-fashioned way anyhow rather than the MS "we'll do everything for you and treat your computer like it's a cell phone" attitude.
_________________ "Hysterical children shrieking about right-wing anything need to go sit in the corner and be quiet while the adults are talking."
Joined: Thu Sep 03, 2009 9:59 am Posts: 15740 Location: Combat Information Center
I wrote this program to try to see where I was at as far as writing something beyond just expanding book examples, and also since I need to figure out what courses to transfer in for my program (I'm not going to be able to start a Master's program without first getting my undergraduate grades up) and which to leave out - don't want to drag down my stating GPA too much, but I also don't want to re-take a ton of extraneous stuff.
Spoiler:
Code:
// GPAcalculator.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.; // Program requests number of credits earned and grades in those credits and returns a GPA; // Improvements to be made: Output data to a text file, including summary of inputs given by the user; // allow for calculation based on percentage grades rather than letters; // add summary of grades earned by letter to output;
double grade_values[12]{ 4.0, 3.7, 3.3, 3.0, 2.7, 2.3, 2.0, 1.7, 1.3, 1.0, 0.7, 0.0 }; //standardized values for GPA calculation string grade_letters[] = { "A", "A-", "B+", "B", "B-", "C+", "C", "C-", "D+", "D", "D-", "F" }; //standardized letter grades double hours_taken[12]; // receives inputs of hours taken at each letter grade double total_credits = 0.0; //for keeping track of accumulated credit double total_hours = 0.0; //for keeping track of total course hours double input_hours(); double additional_hours(double total_hours, double total_credits); // for credit hours that received GPA values not corresponding to a letter grade. string yes = "Y"; string yes_no; void produce_summary(double total_hours, double total_credits);
int main() { cout << "For each letter grade, enter the total number of hours for courses in which you were awarded that grade." << endl; input_hours(); cout << "Do you need to input any course hours at non-standard GPA values? Enter Y for 'YES'; any other input for 'NO' to receive an average and input summary." << endl; cin >> yes_no; if (yes_no == yes) { //determine if the user needs to input any GPA values that do not correspond to typical letter grade values additional_hours(total_hours, total_credits); } produce_summary(total_hours, total_credits); return 0; }
double input_hours() { //function asks for hours taken at each letter grade successively int counter = 0; double temp_credits = 0.0; //for calculating total points towards GPA prior to averaging while (counter <= 11) { cout << "Enter the number of course hours completed with a grade of " << grade_letters[counter] << "." << endl; cin >> hours_taken[counter]; total_hours = total_hours + hours_taken[counter]; //keeps track of total course hours completed temp_credits = hours_taken[counter] * grade_values[counter]; //calculate credit accumulated for grade most recently input total_credits = total_credits + temp_credits; //total accumulated credits prior to averaging ++counter; } return total_credits; }
double additional_hours(double total_hours, double total_credits) { // function calculates values for GPAs that do not correspond to typical letter grades double nonstandard_value = 0.0; double nonstandard_hours = 0.0; double nonstandard_product = 0.0; cout << "Input the nonstandard GPA value to use for additional hours." << endl; cin >> nonstandard_value; cout << endl << "Input the number of hours taken for which this GPA was awarded." << endl; cin >> nonstandard_hours; nonstandard_product = nonstandard_hours * nonstandard_value; total_hours = total_hours + nonstandard_hours; total_credits = total_credits + nonstandard_product; //after calculating the credit value for nonstandard grades, add to the total for summary function call cout << endl << "Do you have any other nonstandard GPA values to input? Enter 'Y' for YES, any other input to receive your summary." << endl; cin >> yes_no; if (yes_no == yes) { //determine if the user needs to input any more nonstandard GPA values additional_hours(total_hours, total_credits); } else { return total_credits; } }
void produce_summary(double total_hours, double total_credits) { // summarizes the total hours taken, credit received, and final GPA double average_gpa = total_credits / total_hours; cout << endl << "Total number of course hours taken: " << total_hours << endl << "Total credit accumulated: " << total_credits << endl << "Final GPA: " << average_gpa <<endl; return; }
For additional exercise, I plan to eventually make it summarize how many of each grade were input, and (when I learn to do such things) make it use a very basic GUI rather than a DOS-like text input.
The one thing I couldn't figure out was how to make it accept either 'y' or 'Y', so presently it's case sensitive, and if the user puts in a lowercase Y it will end rather than calling the nonstandard grades function.
I don't know how efficient or elegant this solution is, but this is what I've learned so far.
_________________ "Hysterical children shrieking about right-wing anything need to go sit in the corner and be quiet while the adults are talking."
Joined: Thu Sep 03, 2009 9:59 am Posts: 15740 Location: Combat Information Center
Turns out it wasn't working as well as I thought. I fixed it here, and cleaned it up a bit, mainly by eliminating almost all of the global variables.
Spoiler:
Code:
// GPAcalculator.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.; // Program requests number of credits earned and grades in those credits and returns a GPA; // Improvements to be made: Output data to a text file, including summary of inputs given by the user; // allow for calculation based on percentage grades rather than letters; // add summary of grades earned by letter to output;
double total_hours = 0.0; //for keeping track of total course hours double input_hours(); double additional_hours(double total_hours, double total_credits); // for credit hours that received GPA values not corresponding to a letter grade. void produce_summary(double total_hours, double total_credits);
int main() { char yes_no[2]; double total_credits = 0.0; cout << "For each letter grade, enter the total number of hours for courses in which you were awarded that grade." << endl; total_credits = input_hours(); cout << "Do you need to input any course hours at non-standard GPA values? Enter Y for 'YES'; any other input for 'NO' to receive your summary." << endl; cin >> yes_no; yes_no[0] = toupper(yes_no[0]); if (yes_no[0] == 'Y') { //determine if the user needs to input any GPA values that do not correspond to typical letter grade values total_credits = additional_hours(total_hours, total_credits); } produce_summary(total_hours, total_credits); return 0; }
double input_hours() { //function asks for hours taken at each letter grade successively int counter = 0; double grade_values[12]{ 4.0, 3.7, 3.3, 3.0, 2.7, 2.3, 2.0, 1.7, 1.3, 1.0, 0.7, 0.0 }; //standardized values for GPA calculation string grade_letters[12] = { "A", "A-", "B+", "B", "B-", "C+", "C", "C-", "D+", "D", "D-", "F" }; //standardized letter grades double hours_taken[12]; // receives inputs of hours taken at each letter grade double temp_credits = 0.0; //for calculating total points towards GPA prior to averaging double credits = 0.0; //for keeping track of accumulated credit while (counter <= 11) { cout << "Enter the number of course hours completed with a grade of " << grade_letters[counter] << "." << endl; cin >> hours_taken[counter]; total_hours = total_hours + hours_taken[counter]; //keeps track of total course hours completed temp_credits = hours_taken[counter] * grade_values[counter]; //calculate credit accumulated for grade most recently input credits = credits + temp_credits; //total accumulated credits prior to averaging ++counter; } return credits; }
double additional_hours(double base_hours, double base_credits) { // function calculates values for GPAs that do not correspond to typical letter grades double nonstandard_value = 0.0; double nonstandard_hours = 0.0; double nonstandard_product = 0.0; char yes_no[2]; cout << "Input the nonstandard GPA value to use for additional hours." << endl; cin >> nonstandard_value; cout << endl << "Input the number of hours taken for which this GPA was awarded." << endl; cin >> nonstandard_hours; nonstandard_product = nonstandard_hours * nonstandard_value; total_hours = base_hours + nonstandard_hours; double total_credits = base_credits + nonstandard_product; //after calculating the credit value for nonstandard grades, add to the total for summary function call cout << endl << "Do you have any other nonstandard GPA values to input? Enter 'Y' for YES, any other input to receive your summary." << endl; cin >> yes_no; yes_no[0] = toupper(yes_no[0]); if (yes_no[0] == 'Y') { //determine if the user needs to input any more nonstandard GPA values return additional_hours(total_hours, total_credits); } else { return total_credits; } }
void produce_summary(double total_hours, double total_credits) { // summarizes the total hours taken, credit received, and final GPA double average_gpa = total_credits / total_hours; cout << endl << "Total number of course hours taken: " << total_hours << endl << "Total credit accumulated: " << total_credits << endl << "Final GPA: " << average_gpa <<endl; }
This little project greatly improved my understanding of how arguments are passed to functions and how it passes a result back. I also got a better appreciation for why to avoid global variables, and how to utilize text strings. I found the book descriptions of these things hard to follow, so actually using them really helped make it all more clear.
_________________ "Hysterical children shrieking about right-wing anything need to go sit in the corner and be quiet while the adults are talking."
Joined: Thu Sep 03, 2009 9:59 am Posts: 15740 Location: Combat Information Center
I will try to find one in whichever program I end up in.
The book is moving on to classes and objects and I'm completely mystified, but I've only had about 45 minutes to read on the subject so I guess that's not a surprise.
_________________ "Hysterical children shrieking about right-wing anything need to go sit in the corner and be quiet while the adults are talking."
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