Lenas wrote:
Diamondeye wrote:
We do not have some elite cadre of supermen producing most of our net value.
That's pretty much exactly what we have.
How do you calculate how much of the net value is produced by what percentage of the population?
For example, consider a $1.5 billion gas-fired power plant being built using a financing structure with a 70:30 debt-to-equity ratio. About 2/3 of the debt will be traditional non-recourse loans from major commercial banks in the US, Japan and Europe, with about a quarter of that backed by US DOE guarantees, and the remaining 1/3 of the debt will be funded by public bond offerings in the US securities markets. The equity sponsors are a group of private equity funds from the US and Australia, each with several billion dollars under management. The plant itself will be physically constructed by a joint venture between two US construction companies that are subsidiaries of larger multinationals which, in turn, are majority owned by several publicly-traded institutional shareholders (i.e. millions of shares ultimately owned by the public at large in multiple countries). The construction companies employ thousands of people, about 100 of whom will be working directly on this project at any given time, while the banks employ tens of thousands of people, about 20 of whom will be working on this transaction, and the PE funds only employ about 50-100 people each, no more than 5 of whom will be working on the transaction. Each major party to the transaction will, of course, have a team of outside advisers - lawyers, accountants, technical experts, etc. - representing them throughout the process.
So here we have an asset with an identified cost of $1.5 billion. What is it's "value" to society though - the construction cost, the cost of the power it will ultimately produce, the sum of the employee pay and owner profit it yields...? And how exactly do you figure out what percentage of that value was contributed by each individual involved in this transaction, including all the distant shareholders, investors and depositors providing the money for the equity and the debt, not to mention the taxpayers providing the money for the government loan guarantees?
The theoretical answer (from a capitalist perspective, anyway) is that "the market" works it all out in a bajillion different microtransactions so that the rough equivalent of the "value" contributed by each person is paid to them in the form of monetary compensation. The reality, however, is that there's a shit-ton of asymmetrical bargaining power, information gaps, self-dealing, regulatory capture, monopolistic rent-seeking, political and legal wrangling, a priori positioning, non-monetary value, and pure, dumb luck involved in determining who gets paid what, and the compensation people receive is at best a rough guide to their actual value-contribution and at worst completely divorced from it.
TLDR: It's easy to identify how much net monetary value is
captured by a given percentage of the population (just count up the income), but it's really hard to determine how much net value, both monetary and non-monetary, is
produced by that percentage.