Stathol wrote:
3. The driver of a vehicle within an intersection intending to turn to the left shall yield the right-of-way to any vehicle approaching from the opposite direction which is within the intersection or so close thereto as to constitute an immediate hazard.
This is the part you are misunderstanding, in the case of stop-sign controlled intersections. A vehicle that has not yet reached the stop sign does not constitute a "vehicle so close as to constitute an immediate hazard" because that vehicle is still obligated to come to a complete stop. Stop signs are not optional and have nothing to do with right of way; one must stop at them even if no other vehicle is present at all. If a vehicle is turning left and is already within the intersection, there is always time to clear the intersection by the time the opposing driver comes to a complete stop and accelerates again.
Now, it might be a
good idea to let them go ahead if you're an unreasonably slow person about making your left turns (i.e. tractor trailer, old person, Mexican... etc. and yes, they turn REALLY slow and like to stare at green lights for 5 seconds before proceeding.. but I digress) or if you think they're likely to run the stop sign because A) you don't want to wreck and get hurt and B) if it comes down to your word against theirs that they actually did stop at the sign, again, it's a lot easier to prove that you turned left than that they didn't stop - the left turn is shown by the evidence of the wreck.
Even that isn't always the case, however. If the vehicle turning left is unusually large and cumbersome, or the vehicle struck was struck near the rear portions, its pretty easy for me to prove the vehicle going straight either blew the stop sign or intentionally ran into the vehicle going left (which in the case of tractor trailers would not be surprising; there are billboards down here advertising lawyers who will get you "a check" for 18-wheeler wrecks). Every driver must always exercise due care to avoid accidents, so if someone is turning left in an unreasonably slow manner, or is driving a large cumbersome vehicle, that does not mean one can run into them without fault after making a complete stop.
Whether that was the case will be apparent from the location of impact; near the front of the vehicle turning left indicates that the vehicle turning left did so in front of the other vehicle who could not react; near the rear of the vehicle turning left indicates that the driver going straight either failed to stop at the stop sign or was not paying attention and proceeded straight when the other driver was already well into the turn and could have been easily avoided.
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In summary: a vehicle stopped at a 4-way intersection does not have to yield to all vehicles in the intersection, just to those who entered from the other roadway. When drivers approach from opposite directions, they may enter the intersection simultaneously. If both are going straight through, there is no need for either to yield. If one is turning left, they must yield per #3. Period. It does not matter who got stopped first or who entered the intersection first. It might be polite to allow the left-turning vehicle to proceed ahead of you if he reached the intersection first, but it is no requirement.
While this is correct, technically, it addresses the narrow case of when 2 drivers arrive more or less simultaneously. Remember that a driver at a stop sign has not yet entered the intersection, and it is reasonable for drivers to assume that other drivers will obey traffic control devices. If 2 drivers going opposite directions arrive at the same time, both may enter the intersection safely, but if one wants to turn left then they should not physically commence the turn until the other vehicle is clear. If the vehicle going straight is not yet stopped at the stop sign when the other vehicle enters the intersection, the vehicle turning left should proceed through smoothly, and the vehicle going straight must hold their stop until the intersection is clear. In this case, it doesn't matter "who entered the intersection first" because the vehicle at the stop sign has no business entering the intersection
at all until the other one is clear. That's the purpose of stopping at a stop sign; to ensure that one may proceed safely.
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Also, the alternation rule doesn't exist. Again, it's a polite, and logical thing to do since vehicles approaching from opposite directions on the same roadway are allowed to enter simultaneously, but the MO code doesn't provide for any specific way to resolve who should yield in a 4-way standoff. In a 3-way standoff, you should technically proceed in a clockwise fashion. It's just a matter of polite convention that the guy in the middle agrees to yield right-of-way to both his right and left, even though he isn't required to yield to his left.
Strictly speaking, you are correct. The "alternation rule" is not written down and is not an actual rule. The "alteration rule" is the result of all the other rules regarding stops and left turns interacting with each other to (theoretically)allow safe and orderly procession.
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Let's walk through a hypothetical just to be absolutely sure. Vehicle A and B are approaching a 4-way stop from opposite directions on the same roadway. A, intending to turn left gets there first. No other vehicles are present. How do the rules apply?
<snip for length>
So, A is permitted to enter the intersection. Now what may he do?
Rule #1: doesn't apply
Rule #2: doesn't apply
Rule #3: applies. As we're about to see, B is not required to yield to him, even if he is already in the intersection. Thus B is close enough to pose an immediate hazard unless A can clear the intersection before B completes his stop.
Rule #4: no longer applies since he's already in the intersection at this point.
From B's perspective, having just completed his stop:
Rule #1: doesn't apply
Rule #2: explicitly does not apply.
Rule #3: doesn't apply to him, but it does apply to A.
Rule #4: part (a) only applies to cross traffic, which does not include vehicle B.
Conclusion: Consistent with A's perspective, B can proceed through the intersection with the expectation that A will yield to him.
No. Both of these are incorrect. B has already made his stop, and entered the intersection, while A has not yet made a stop. Because he must make a stop and then proceed again
when the intersection is clear he does not "constitute an immediate hazard" no matter how physically close he is to the intersection. A does not need to complete his turn before B completes his stop because B is obligated to stop, and the purpose of the stop is to ensure the intersection is clear; A is within the intersection whereas B is not until he passes the stop line.
The stop is not a mere formality one must observe (nor, for that matter, is any other traffic rule). In all case, drivers must exercise due care before proceeding. If another driver is already in the intersection and turning left, the driver coming to the stop must hold their stop and not proceed until the other driver is clear. Again, consider the 18-wheeler. Due to the size and amount of time this vehicle needs to turn, it would be nearly impossible to turn at intersections not controlled by traffic lights during even moderately busy times. Traffic laws reflect this.
The act of the left turn is to be done as one complete action; one does not pull into the intersection then stop to wait for other traffic to pass at an intersection controlled by a stop sign. This is done either at A) uncontrolled intersections where oncoming traffic does NOT stop at all, or B) when at a green light without a protected left turn, so that at least one vehicle may turn left each cycle.
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Basically, the laws in most states treat left turns at 4-way stops like any other unprotected left. You may be permitted to enter the intersection, but you still have to yield right-of-way to oncoming traffic, even if you were there first. I know this isn't how most people treat 4-way stops. Most people yield right-of-way to someone already in the intersection trying to turn left even though they aren't required to do so. If someone voluntarily yields to you, feel free to take it, but be wary of the assumption that all people will. It's theirs to give, not yours to take.
Except that this actually isn't correct; you are being fooled by the term "so close as to constitute an immediate hazard". That's quite understandable, as the intuitive assumption is that it refers to physical distance, when it actually refers to distance
in time. Because of the legal obligation to come to a complete stop, and not proceed until the way is clear, there is always time to turn left if you arrive at the intersection first.
Now, by first I mean "clearly so" not "my wheels technically stopped rolling 2 seconds before his". There will always be marginal cases, but in those cases, pretty much everything you said would be correct because we cannot establish who exactly was there first without impartial witnesses.
Texasa traffic control devicesQuote:
Sec. 544.010. STOP SIGNS AND YIELD SIGNS. (a) Unless directed to proceed by a police officer or traffic-control signal, the operator of a vehicle or streetcar approaching an intersection with a stop sign shall stop as provided by Subsection (c).
(b) If safety requires, the operator of a vehicle approaching a yield sign shall stop as provided by Subsection (c).
(c) An operator required to stop by this section shall stop before entering the crosswalk on the near side of the intersection. In the absence of a crosswalk, the operator shall stop at a clearly marked stop line. In the absence of a stop line, the operator shall stop at the place nearest the intersecting roadway where the operator has a view of approaching traffic on the intersecting roadway.
Once you are stopped at an intersection, if someone else is proceeding in front of you either by crossing your path or turning left in front of you, you may not start again until they have cleared.
Texas traffic definitionsQuote:
(10) "Stop" or "stopping" means:
(A) when required, to completely cease movement;
and
(B) when prohibited, to halt, including
momentarily halting, an occupied or unoccupied vehicle, unless
necessary to avoid conflict with other traffic or to comply with the
directions of a police officer or a traffic-control sign or signal.
The obligation to stop necessarily includes the obligation not to start movement again when a collision would clearly result. The traffic laws do not allow people to cause accidents on the basis that they observed a formality, as due care is always expected.