Talya wrote:
I don't think it's necessarily self-sustaining, either, but it does seem to have momentum.
It doesn't have any existence of its own at all. It's a function of events, not an entity.
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I believe most of human society is losing the appetite for conquest and domination we've had in decades past. We're advancing technologically as a species, but we're also advancing socially at a similar rate. The same ideals that cause us to want freedom rather than a strong autocrat, to want equality for all regardless of differences, and to prize human life so highly are antithetical to a warmongering culture.
That's not really what did it. What did it was the amount of damage we could inflict, and the lack of land left to conquer without inflicting that damage. We (as in the world at large) started to notice it with the Napoleonic Wars and the Civil War, and it came into strong view with WWI - actually, it sort of spiked there because the exact technology WWI was fought with combined extreme casualties with a lack of meaningful progress. In WWII it came back down again, although it remained very high.
That is, until August 6, 1945. On that day, it became clear that the ability to inflict damage had suddenly climbed so many orders of magnitude that a major world war afterwards became essentially inconceivable as a deliberate policy move - the fear throughout the cold war was always focused on sudden escalation, things getting out of control before leaders could react. But it demonstrated that deterrence worked, and worked well. Both sides went to extreme lengths to make sure that never happened. There would be no wars of conquest because there would be nothing to conquer and no means to hold it afterwards.
The dangers of drawing down to levels where a disarming strike is possible notwithstanding, that remains the case today. Ash Carter recently spoke about this,specifically that an adversary cannot expect to escalate out of a conflict as long as we maintain effective deterrent.
What Russia and China have done is develop a new strategy of incrementalism - they have decided to make small pushes in areas where it is not worthwhile to fight them, and do it slowly, so in the agregate they will make signficant gains, but it will be very hard politically to oppose them.
As it goes to your point though, this is why conquest has disappeared. But if we ever expand beyond this planet significantly it will likely return. There's a reason we don't bat an eye at Honor Harrington flinging 40 megaton missiles by the thousands all over the galaxy.
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There are some notable exceptions driven by religious or ideological extremism...but fortunately most of those cultures are pretty much desert barbarians. Unfortunately, they have oil, and we seem to need it.
We've largely remedied that in the West, fortunately, although by no means completely either.