I think it's going to be hard to identify these people. What did Freud's, Darwin's, et al contemporaries think of them?
That is a rhetorical question, largely because it seems to run the gamut. Mozart widely praised from his youth, to some famous creators not getting credit til after their death. Still, the point remains: how would this sort of person appear to society?
There's also probably a sort of older-is-more-revered thing going on here, too. It's hard to top Beethoven on a scale of epicness, and in part I'd say it's because classical music has a sort of aura to it nowadays. Does someone like John Williams compare? He definitely has the popularity needed already, with a lot of his tunes instantly recognizable and part of popular culture... but something about it just doesn't compare. Samuel Barber died in 1981, and
his most well-known work compares more favorably I suppose, but he's probably a lot more obscure than John Williams for better or for worse. :p
Literature is not my forte and I won't even try, here. I'm also failing to come up with someone like Freud.
Chomsky is probably worth being mentioned? He might fall under too scientific if you're putting Hawking aside, though.
I also wonder if changes in society itself recently make this picture a whole lot murkier. If the great American authors of a century past first published in today's world, would things turn out differently? Probably too complicated for me to even try to tackle... especially given my lack of credentials in any number of applicable areas. :p